![]() ![]() All paint materials have several properties that change over time, initially being a liquid-like film that evolves into a solid-like paint film. Paints are typically comprised of a pigment for coloration, a binding medium, and other additives that can adjust the optical properties and workability of the paint film. It is shown how this area of research has grown and begun to provide possibilities for contributing to improved conservation practices. ![]() ![]() In the present review our aim is to compile the innovative mechanical testing techniques that have been developed in the last two decades, together with the data derived from these experiments. The most recent review paper discussing the mechanical properties of paint was published thirty years ago, emphasizing the role that temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) play on brittleness of these films. The mechanical properties play a key role in assessing its stability over the lifetime, providing information about the stiffness, toughness, and the likelihood of crack formation, among other things. A great amount of research has focused on understanding the chemical changes of the curing processes of paints, but they only partially capture the overall stability of a paint film. Paint is a ubiquitous component of art objects and a research subject that has received prominent attention for many years in both industry and cultural heritage. Techniques applied to historic samples incorporate the use of small sample sizes (nanoindentation), optical techniques (laser shearography), computational simulations (finite element analysis), and non-invasive comparative mechanical properties (single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance) to investigate and predict the mechanical properties of paints. Techniques applied to model systems (tensile testing, dynamic mechanic analysis, quartz crystal microbalance, vibration studies) require too large of a sample to be taken from art objects or focus on the mechanical properties of the liquid state (shear rheometry). ![]() The techniques have been divided into two categories: those that are restricted to use on model systems and those that are applicable to historic samples. Alongside the more commonly used techniques of tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis, new techniques have been developed to more fully investigate the mechanical properties, and are discussed along with salient results. Here, thirty years of tensile testing data have been compiled into a single dataset, along with the testing conditions, to provide future researchers with easy access to these data as well some general discussion of their trends. This response is dependent on many factors, such as paint composition, pigment to binder ratio, temperature, relative humidity, and solvent exposure. The mechanical properties of artists’ paints relate to the deformation response of these materials when a stress is applied.
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